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The primary goal of a cross-sectional study is to examine and analyze the relationships or associations between different variables within a population at a specific point in time. A cross-sectional study provides valuable insights into a population’s characteristics, attitudes, and behaviors at a single point in time. As with any research design, cross-sectional studies should be used with other research methods to provide a complete study. Overall, cross-sectional studies can be a valuable tool for researchers looking to understand a population quickly. Researchers can't always be sure that the conditions a cross-sectional study measures are the result of a particular factor's influence.
STRENGTHS AND LIMITATIONS OF THIS STUDY
This may have introduced selection bias into our sample, thus impacting the study results. The association between simulation design and educational satisfaction in the model was partially mediated by the mediating variable, which was the flow of the simulation. In other words, simulation design has a direct effect on simulation educational satisfaction, and an indirect effect on nursing students’ simulation educational satisfaction by affecting the flow of the simulation. The more immersive the simulation class, the greater the satisfaction with simulation-based education. Studies have shown that flow has a partial mediating effect between VR simulation design and educational satisfaction [17] and between simulation design and satisfaction and self-confidence [18].
thought on “Cross-Sectional Study- Definition, Types, Applications, Advantages, Limitations”
The purpose of a cross-sectional study is basically to take a “slice” or a “snapshot” of a population. In the fields of epidemiology and public health research, cross-sectional studies are used to evaluate associations, e.g., between exposure and disease, and to compare disease and symptom rates between an exposed group and an unexposed group. Cross-sectional studies capture data at a one-time point, while longitudinal studies track the same individuals over an extended period to observe changes. If a significant number of men from a particular age group are more prone to have the disease, the researcher can conduct further studies to understand the reasons. A longitudinal study is best used, in this case, to study the same participants over time.
Measurement of depression and anxiety
The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request. Note that the original results and data are studied together simultaneously in an analytical cross-sectional study. The Australian Census run by the Australian Bureau of Statistics, is an example of a whole of population cross-sectional study. If the results show that Asian women would not buy the phone because it is bulky, the mobile phone company can tweak the design to make it less bulky.
Choice of smoke-free policies
Understanding Healthy Eating Habits of Elderly People in a Geriatric Center in Kirkuk City: A Cross-Sectional Study - Cureus
Understanding Healthy Eating Habits of Elderly People in a Geriatric Center in Kirkuk City: A Cross-Sectional Study.
Posted: Tue, 23 Apr 2024 08:08:22 GMT [source]
The findings of this study also showed that 19.6% of the respondents were smokers and 22.1% had at least one family member who smoked. A total of 2,811 nurses were ultimately enrolled in the study, with a median age of 35 years and a median BMI of 21.83 kg/m2. Out of the total, 69.9% (1,965) of the nurses had a normal weight, 6.3% (177) were underweight, 19.9% (558) were overweight, and 3.9% (111) were obese. The occurrence of depression and anxiety among nurses was 7.8% (219 out of 2,811) and 6.7% (189 out of 2,811), respectively; see details in Table 1 (the distribution of characters by outcome status) and supplementary Table 1(the distribution of characters by BMI status). The assessment of depressive symptoms was conducted using clinically validated measures, specifically the PHQ09 [24]. The PHQ09 scale consists of nine items, each with a 4-point Likert-type scale answer.
Each item was scored on a 5-point Likert scale ranging from 1 point (strongly disagree) to 5 points (strongly agree). The total score ranged from 10 to 50, with a higher score indicating a higher level of flow in simulation-based education. Nevertheless, simulation-based education improves nursing students’ problem-solving, clinical judgment, and communication skills [5, 6] and develops the teamwork necessary for clinical nurses [7], leading to its increasing use in nursing education. Simulated education is an integrated process of knowledge, skill, and experiential learning for nursing students and is a teaching and learning strategy to facilitate nursing competencies [1]. The National Council of State Boards of Nursing recommends simulation use in nursing education since it can safely replace up to half of clinical practice training hours [2].
Examples of Cross-Sectional Studies
We also outline the advantages and disadvantages of cross-sectional studies and answer some of the most frequently asked questions. A cross-sectional study is a type of observational research that analyzes data of variables collected at one given point in time across a sample population or a pre-defined subset. A cross-sectional study is used to collect data from a population simultaneously. It is a snapshot of the population at a particular moment rather than a study that tracks changes over time. This design is often used in fields such as public health, sociology, and psychology to gather information about the characteristics, attitudes, and behaviors of a group of individuals. The main strength of the cross-sectional design is the ability to obtain results faster.
The mediating effect of flow on the relationship between simulation design and simulation educational satisfaction
In addition, since simulation is a recently utilized teaching method in Korean nursing education, most nurse educators lack experience in simulation education. This lack of experience may have limited their ability to understand students’ experiences in simulation situations, which, in turn, affected their ability to provide students with the support they needed during simulation. Therefore, to maximize the effectiveness of simulation-based education, instructors should develop strategies to increase flow in simulation situations to elicit learners’ flow experiences [15, 20].
He has been published in peer-reviewed journals, including the Journal of Clinical Psychology. Neither patients nor the public were involved in the research design, recruitment, conduct, reporting and dissemination plans of the study. Participants A total of 616 adult individuals living in MUH for at least 2 years participated in the study. The Ethics Committee of Shengjing Hospital Affiliated China Medical University granted ethical permission (2022PS753K). The procedures were carried out in accordance with the ethical guidelines outlined in the 1975 Declaration of Helsinki.
The data collected can lead to additional studies to build upon the knowledge obtained. From the example, the investigators learned that obese HIV participants were more likely to be sedentary; the next study might develop a clinical trial to determine the methods to increase activity level in this population. Cross-sectional designs help determine the prevalence of a disease, phenomena, or opinion in a population, as represented by a study sample. Prevalence is the proportion of people in a population (sample) who have an attribute or condition at a specific time point (Mann, 2012) regardless of when the attribute or condition first developed (Wang & Cheng, 2020). Additionally, each study participant’s evaluation is completed at one time-point with no follow-ups (Cummings, 2013), providing a ‘snapshot’ of the sample. Cross-sectional designs can be implemented as an interview or survey and may also collect physiological data and biological samples.
Second, the data were gathered by self-reported questionnaires, specifically pertaining to measurements such as height and weight. In addition, given that the majority of the study sample consists of young women, there is a possibility that they may be tempted to falsely report their height and weight. Third, it is important to note that the GAD-7 and PHQ-9 are screening questionnaires that lack the ability to provide clinical diagnosis. However, this study is the first to examine the connection between BMI and mental health in nurses during the COVID-19 epidemic while accounting for several influential factors. The cross-sectional design is an appropriate method to determine the prevalence of a disease, attribute, or phenomena in a study sample.
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